Antioch was captured in 1268 and Tripoli in 1289. Edessa fell to a Turkish warlord in 1144, but the other realms endured into the 13th century before falling to the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. At the states' largest extent, their territory covered the coastal areas of southern modern Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, and Palestine. Territorial consolidation followed, including the taking of Tripoli. In 1099, Jerusalem was taken after a siege. The crusader Baldwin of Boulogne replaced the Greek Orthodox ruler of Edessa after a coup d'état, and Bohemond of Taranto remained as the ruling prince in the captured city of Antioch. In 1098, the armed pilgrimage to Jerusalem passed through Syria. The term Outremer, used by medieval and modern writers as a synonym, is derived from the French for overseas.
The description "Crusader states" can be misleading, as from 1130 very few of the Frankish population were crusaders. The other northern states covered what are now Syria, south-eastern Turkey, and Lebanon.
The Kingdom of Jerusalem covered what is now Israel and Palestine, the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and adjacent areas. The four states were the County of Edessa (1098–1150), the Principality of Antioch (1098–1287), the County of Tripoli (1102–1289), and the Kingdom of Jerusalem (1099–1291). These feudal polities were created by the Latin Catholic leaders of the First Crusade through conquest and political intrigue. The Crusader States, also known as Outremer, were four Roman Catholic realms in the Middle East that lasted from 1098 to 1291.